Signs your rat is sick — and when to see a vet

Rats' lives are short, and some illnesses get worse quickly. These are the signs the RSPCA and PDSA say to watch for, and what to do next.

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What are the signs that a rat is ill?

The RSPCA lists these signs that a rat may be ill or in pain:

• Not eating or drinking, or no longer eating foods they used to like
• Drinking a lot more than usual, or not at all
• Losing weight, or putting weight on quickly
• Diarrhea
• Avoiding the other rats
• An oily, clumped or unkempt coat, or not grooming
• Sneezing, wheezing or breathing strangely
• Sunken or dull-looking eyes, or discharge from the eyes or nose
• Less activity, or sleeping more than usual
• A hunched, stiff posture, walking strangely or poor balance
• Guarding a part of the body that seems to hurt

If you notice any of these, call your vet — ideally one who treats exotic pets.

What are the signs of a respiratory infection?

The PDSA lists runny eyes, a runny nose, a head tilt, difficulty breathing, snuffling, wheezing and weight loss as symptoms of respiratory disease, and says viruses, bacteria, diet and housing can all play a part. Take your rat to a vet as soon as possible — these infections can get worse quickly. Dusty bedding makes things worse; see safe bedding for rats.

What does red around a rat's eyes or nose mean?

The RSPCA lists chromodacryorrhoea — red staining around the eyes and nostrils — among the signs that a rat is stressed, along with over-grooming, hiding more than usual and becoming more aggressive. If it keeps happening, or comes with any of the signs of illness above, talk to your vet.

What if my rat ate something poisonous?

Call a vet straight away. Rats can't vomit, and the RSPCA warns that even a small amount of something harmful can kill them. Never give a rat human medicines or medicines meant for other animals unless a vet prescribes them. See foods that are toxic to rats.

How can I spot problems early?

The RSPCA suggests checking on your rats every morning and evening, when they're normally active, weighing them regularly to catch rapid weight changes, and running your fingers over their body to feel for lumps or bumps. Regular vet check-ups — including a check that their teeth are growing correctly — are worth it even when your rats seem well. Regular weigh-ins are one of the easiest habits to start.